| P number: | P000252 |
|---|---|
| Old photograph number: | B00478 |
| Caption: | The 'Rock and Spindle', 3.621 km. east of St. Andrews. Fife Region. |
| Description: | The sea stack is a basanite (basalt) volcanic 'vent' or 'neck'. The radiating 'spindle' is an integral part of the neck and is composed of columnar jointed basanite that is relatively free of xenoliths. The other stack and the cliffs behind are composed of bedded tuff and agglomerate of the larger Carboniferous Kinkell Ness Vent. There were four stages in the development of the Kinkell Ness Vent/Rock and Spindle. An initial volcanic outburst, mainly of gas producing the vent was followed by pyroclastic activity to form the bedded tuffs which subsequently collapsed into the vent. Basalt vent intrusions often packed with xenoliths followed. The last phase was the emplacement of basalt dykes. |
| Date taken: | Tue Jan 01 00:00:00 GMT 1895 |
| Photographer: | Lunn, R. |
| Copyright statement: | Crown |
| Acknowledgment: | This image was digitized with grant-in-aid from SCRAN the Scottish Cultural Resources Access Network |
| X longitude/easting: | 354000 |
| Y latitude/northing: | 715700 |
| Coordinate reference system, ESPG code: | 27700 (OSGB 1936 / British National Grid) |
| Orientation: | Landscape |
| Size: | 147.62 KB; 1000 x 757 pixels; 85 x 64 mm (print at 300 DPI); 265 x 200 mm (screen at 96 DPI); |
| Average Rating: | Not yet rated |
| Categories: | Unsorted Images, Geoscience subjects/ Igneous features/ Volcanic vents, necks and plugs |
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